Dynamic equivalence in translation aims to convey the meaning and function of the text in the target language, even at the cost of departing from the original…

Harmonization in translation is not merely a stylistic tendency or a preference for smoothness; it is a methodological decision with far-reaching epistemic con…

In interpretive practice, meaning rarely moves in a single temporal direction. Readers do not approach texts empty-handed; they come equipped with conceptual f…

One of the most serious methodological threats in textual research is not the lack of data, but an excess of data subordinated to a single, privileged explanat…

Back translation is an analytical technique used to examine how meaning changes as a text moves between languages. It involves translating a text from a source…

Interpretive noise refers to redundant or uncontrolled interpretive operations in which inferences exceed the scope and quality of available data. This can tak…